Super admin . 22nd Jan, 2025 11:57 AM
Advancements in Ultrasonic Testing: Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) technology has revolutionized the field of ultrasonic inspection by offering easier analysis, reduced interpretation of A-scan patterns, better accuracy, improved resolution, and advanced 3D imagery. Recognizing that ultrasonic inspection is inherently stochastic—providing immediate results—increased data acquisition enhances accuracy in determining quality parameters.
Methods of Data Acquisition
Various advanced methods for data acquisition in PAUT include:
Among these, Full Matrix Capture (FMC) and TFM represent the most comprehensive techniques. Initially limited to offline functions, these methods became portable in 2014 with advancements in computing power.
PAUT technology now supports high-temperature, in-service inspections. The future development focus lies in software enhancements, as hardware becomes standardized. Innovations in PAUT, TOFD (Time of Flight Diffraction), and FMC/TFM will continue to improve resolution, accuracy, and application versatility.
FMC/TFM Technology
Currently, FMC/TFM is the pinnacle of commercially viable phased array technology, offering:
Applications in Weld Inspection
PAUT is particularly effective for weld inspections. Technicians can input the weld profile and dimensional offsets into the program. After scanning, the software provides precise indication locations, aiding welding engineers in identifying and addressing problem areas. This accuracy is especially beneficial when acceptance criteria are based on fracture mechanics.
For geometric surfaces or fixed-depth inspections, electronic scanning enables beams to target specific profiles or areas of concern. PAUT systems offer flexibility, allowing the use of 4 to 64 elements, with potential for future expansion.
From a weld inspection perspective, comprehensive geometric and volumetric examinations are essential. Anything less is deemed incomplete. Beyond weld inspections, PAUT excels in corrosion assessments and testing complex geometries, such as flange face corrosion, bolts, pulsation dampers, and non-uniform configurations. By stitching blanket scan data, the software provides detailed 3D images, ensuring a high probability of defect detection and auditability.
Corrosion Morphology
Using advanced FMC/TFM technology, technicians can:
This approach generates a massive database of responses. With geometry input into the TFM, the technology interprets each point. The accumulated data enables technicians to configure scans post-inspection and transfer data files, which are significantly larger (gigabytes) compared to standard PAUT scans (megabytes). While this technology has been in use since 2015, it has only recently been incorporated into ASME codes.
Advanced Technology and Automation
The next wave of PAUT technology emphasizes automation. Historically, technicians manually reviewed and reported weld scan results over extended periods. Automation accelerates these tasks, boosting productivity, quality, and safety. Emerging trends include digital twinning, where a technician in the field applies pre-designed applications created by a Level 3 professional. Field activities can be monitored remotely via connected devices, allowing for real-time support and oversight. Digital twinning is expected to gain widespread adoption due to its cost-effectiveness and productivity benefits.
